Craske M G, Rachman S J
Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, State University of New York, Albany 12203.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1987 Sep;26(3):187-99. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1987.tb01346.x.
The hypothesis that high heart rate and low perceived skill would be associated with greater return of fear than low heart rate and high perceived skill was investigated in a group of 63 anxious musical performers. Musicians were taught progressive muscle relaxation and attention-focusing skills over the course of four weekly sessions. Return of subjective fear was assessed between training programme sessions and at a three-month follow-up assessment. Performance quality ratings served as the behavioural measure, anticipatory heart rate as the physiological measure, and subjective units of distress scales as the subjective measure. Four classification groups (high heart rate, low perceived skill; high heart rate, high perceived skill; low heart rate, low perceived skill; and low heart rate, high perceived skill) were formed on the basis of median splits of heart rate and perceived skill pre-assessment levels. Each group demonstrated subjective fear reduction, while heart rate reduced in the high heart-rate subjects, and performance quality improved overall at post-assessment. Follow-up return of fear was apparent in high heart-rate subjects, regardless of their perceived skill status. High heart-rate subjects reported more anxious thoughts than did low heart-rate subjects. Perceived skill was not clearly associated with return of fear. Post-hoc comparisons indicated that subjects who demonstrated follow-up return of fear had higher heart rate, lower perceived skill, more anxious thoughts, less performance skill and fewer performances over the follow-up interval than subjects who did not demonstrate a return of fear. However, initial heart rate was the only significant predictor of follow-up fear levels.
在一组63名焦虑的音乐表演者中，研究了高心率和低感知技能比低心率和高感知技能与更高的恐惧复发相关这一假设。在为期四周的每周课程中，音乐家们学习了渐进性肌肉放松和注意力集中技能。在训练课程之间以及三个月的随访评估中评估主观恐惧的复发情况。表演质量评分作为行为指标，预期心率作为生理指标，主观痛苦量表作为主观指标。根据心率和感知技能预评估水平的中位数划分，形成了四个分类组（高心率、低感知技能；高心率、高感知技能；低心率、低感知技能；低心率、高感知技能）。每个组的主观恐惧都有所减轻，高心率受试者的心率降低，评估后总体表演质量有所提高。无论其感知技能状况如何，高心率受试者在随访中恐惧复发明显。高心率受试者比低心率受试者报告了更多焦虑的想法。感知技能与恐惧复发没有明显关联。事后比较表明，与未出现恐惧复发的受试者相比，在随访期间出现恐惧复发的受试者心率更高、感知技能更低、焦虑想法更多、表演技能更少且表演次数更少。然而，初始心率是随访恐惧水平的唯一显著预测因素。
