Gledhill N
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(3):183-9.
The intent of blood doping is to increase maximal aerobic power by increasing the capacity of blood to carry oxygen. This manipulation gained notoriety in the sports world because of rumors of blood doping by competitors in endurance events. Researchers also have become interested in induced erythrocythemia because its study provides insight into the limiting factor(s) of maximal aerobic power (Vo2max). It is concluded in this review that to increase Vo2max, it is necessary to elevate significantly the hemoglobin concentration by infusing at least 900 ml of blood. The use of inadequate reinfusion volumes, premature reinfusion of the blood following withdrawal, and storage of the blood by refrigeration rather than by freezing are major reasons for the contradictory findings from earlier studies of blood doping. Changes in blood volume and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate following blood doping are transient and, other than during the first 24 h post infusion, appear to be inconsequential. In addition, this review also examines related issues such as attendant hemodynamic and lactate changes, the need of controls, and ethical considerations in blood doping.
血液兴奋剂的目的是通过增加血液携带氧气的能力来提高最大有氧能力。由于耐力项目的参赛者有使用血液兴奋剂的传闻，这种手段在体育界声名狼藉。研究人员也对诱导性红细胞增多症产生了兴趣，因为对它的研究有助于深入了解最大有氧能力（最大摄氧量）的限制因素。这篇综述得出的结论是，要提高最大摄氧量，有必要通过输入至少900毫升血液来显著提高血红蛋白浓度。早期血液兴奋剂研究结果相互矛盾的主要原因包括回输血量不足、采血后过早回输以及血液采用冷藏而非冷冻保存。血液兴奋剂使用后血容量和2,3 - 二磷酸甘油酸的变化是短暂的，除了在输注后的头24小时内，其他时候似乎无关紧要。此外，这篇综述还探讨了相关问题，如伴随的血流动力学和乳酸变化、对照的必要性以及血液兴奋剂使用中的伦理考量。
