Mahaffey K R, Annest J L, Roberts J, Murphy R S
N Engl J Med. 1982 Sep 2;307(10):573-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198209023071001.
Data from the second National Health Nutrition Examination Survey showed that 22 per cent of persons six months through 75 years old had blood lead levels under 10 micrograms per deciliter; 1.9 per cent had elevated levels (greater than or equal to 30 micrograms per deciliter [greater than or equal to 1.45 mumol per liter]). Among children six months through five years old the prevalence of elevated levels was significantly higher (4 per cent) than previously predicted on the basis of fewer data. The prevalence of elevated lead levels was 12.2 per cent in black children and 2.0 per cent in white children. Mean levels of blood lead were higher in blacks than white among children and adults, among young children living in urban and rural areas, and among members of low-income, moderate-income, and higher-income families. These racial contrasts may reflect different lead exposure or absorption (or both). Young children from families (both white and black) whose incomes were under $6,000 had a significantly higher prevalence of elevated lead levels than those from households with incomes of $6,000 or more.
第二次全国健康与营养检查调查的数据显示，6个月至75岁的人群中，22%的人的血铅水平低于每分升10微克；1.9%的人的血铅水平升高（大于或等于每分升30微克[大于或等于每升1.45微摩尔]）。在6个月至5岁的儿童中，血铅水平升高的患病率（4%）显著高于此前根据较少数据所预测的水平。黑人儿童血铅水平升高的患病率为12.2%，白人儿童为2.0%。在儿童和成人中、在城市和农村地区的幼儿中以及在低收入、中等收入和高收入家庭的成员中，黑人的血铅平均水平均高于白人。这些种族差异可能反映了不同的铅暴露或吸收情况（或两者皆有）。收入低于6000美元家庭的幼儿（包括白人和黑人）血铅水平升高的患病率显著高于收入在6000美元或以上家庭的幼儿。
