Ruznisky S A, Thauberger P C
Soc Sci Med. 1982;16(9):1005-11. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(82)90369-0.
This study provided initial data on the hierarchical order among various existential-ontological stresses; compared these stresses to Spielberger Trait vs State anxiety; and, examined these stresses with respect to Eysenck's extraversion and neuroticism dimensions as well as Eysenck's social favorability response bias. Death in the immediate family emerged as the highest ranked items on the 69 open-ended item scale. Data on 139 males, 244 females, plus 4 individuals without recorded gender (median age approx. 29.5 years) indicated little overlap as well as little difference between State and Trait anxiety measures. Approximately one-eighth of the correlations between the Incidents of Reality items and both the Eysenck and Spielberger scales were statistically significant though all were of slight magnitude. Data were further compared for correspondence to the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale. For the nine items judged as common, the Spearman rank-order correlation (rho = 0.867) indicated support for the cross-reliability of the two scales. Overall, stress to ontological issues is both positive and negative in direction. A number of points based on these findings are discussed with reference to various conceptions in ontology.
本研究提供了关于各种存在 - 本体论压力等级顺序的初步数据；将这些压力与斯皮尔伯格特质焦虑与状态焦虑进行了比较；并从艾森克的外向性和神经质维度以及艾森克的社会好感度反应偏差方面对这些压力进行了考察。直系亲属死亡在69个开放式项目量表上成为排名最高的项目。139名男性、244名女性以及4名未记录性别的个体的数据表明，状态焦虑和特质焦虑测量之间几乎没有重叠，也几乎没有差异。现实事件项目与艾森克量表和斯皮尔伯格量表之间约八分之一的相关性具有统计学意义，尽管所有相关性的程度都很轻微。进一步比较了这些数据与霍姆斯 - 拉赫社会再适应评定量表的对应情况。对于被判定为常见的九个项目，斯皮尔曼等级相关系数（rho = 0.867）表明支持这两个量表的交叉信度。总体而言，本体论问题带来的压力在方向上既有积极的也有消极的。基于这些发现的一些要点将参照本体论中的各种概念进行讨论。
