Dougherty C R, Jones A D
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Sep 15;144(2):190-200. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90627-5.
Presented are the results of multivariate regression analysis of the variations in birth weight of term babies associated with the socioeconomic, physical, and medical factors recorded in obstetric case notes at a London teaching hospital. The results show that the sex of the baby, parity, maternal smoking during the pregnancy, maternal height, weight, marital status, and race, and gestation (after allowing for the foregoing characteristics) were all important and significant factors. Socioeconomic status, per se, was not, nor was age. In particular, the results negate the suggestion that the loss of birth weight associated with smoking during the pregnancy might be due to the smoker, rather than to smoking itself. The results indicate that moderate smoking (one to 15 cigarettes per day) causes a loss of 107 gm, and that heavy smoking (16+) causes a loss of 158 gm, after all other factors have been taken into account. An investigation of how these figures would be affected by failing to control for one or more of the other factors led to the conclusion that the estimates of the loss of birth weight as a result of smoking in completely uncontrolled studies may be reasonably accurate, whereas the estimates in partially controlled studies are probably biased.
本文呈现了对伦敦一家教学医院产科病例记录中所记录的与社会经济、身体和医学因素相关的足月儿出生体重变化进行多变量回归分析的结果。结果显示，婴儿性别、产次、孕期母亲吸烟情况、母亲身高、体重、婚姻状况、种族以及孕周（在考虑上述特征之后）都是重要且显著的因素。社会经济地位本身并非重要因素，年龄也不是。特别地，这些结果否定了一种观点，即孕期吸烟导致的出生体重下降可能是由于吸烟者本身，而非吸烟行为本身。结果表明，在考虑了所有其他因素之后，中度吸烟（每天1至15支）会导致出生体重下降107克，重度吸烟（每天16支及以上）会导致出生体重下降158克。一项关于未能控制一个或多个其他因素会如何影响这些数据的调查得出结论，在完全未控制的研究中，因吸烟导致的出生体重下降估计值可能相当准确，而在部分控制的研究中，估计值可能存在偏差。
