Schmidt I, Simon E
Am J Physiol. 1982 Sep;243(3):R363-72. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1982.243.3.R363.
Experimental alterations of spinal cord and hypothalamic temperature affecting behavioral and autonomic cold defense were investigated in pigeons under external cold load with access to instrumental heat reinforcement. Warming and cooling spinal cord resulted in negative-feedback effects on both instrumental and autonomic cold defense. Hypothalamic warming produced similar negative-feedback effects, whereas hypothalamic cooling produced either no effect or positive-feedback effects on both kinds of cold defense. As determined in previous studies, hypothalamic temperature displacements under heat-load conditions produced only negative-feedback effects on instrumental heat defense. However, only positive-feedback effects were observed on autonomic heat defense by panting. The diverse response patterns of autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory effectors to changing hypothalamic temperature under heat- and cold-load conditions could be quantitatively described by a mathematical model that takes into account 1) a greater Q10 for intrahypothalamic transmission of the cold signal input than of the warm signal input, and 2) different weights of extra- and intrahypothalamic temperature signal inputs for the control of different effectors.
在外部冷负荷条件下，对可获得工具性热强化的鸽子进行了研究，探讨脊髓和下丘脑温度的实验性改变对行为性和自主性冷防御的影响。脊髓升温及降温均对工具性和自主性冷防御产生负反馈作用。下丘脑升温产生类似的负反馈作用，而下丘脑降温对两种冷防御要么无作用，要么产生正反馈作用。如先前研究所确定的，热负荷条件下下丘脑温度变化仅对工具性热防御产生负反馈作用。然而，通过喘气对自主性热防御仅观察到正反馈作用。自主性和行为性体温调节效应器在热负荷和冷负荷条件下对下丘脑温度变化的不同反应模式，可用一个数学模型进行定量描述，该模型考虑到：1）与热信号输入相比，冷信号输入在下丘脑内传递时具有更大的Q10；2）下丘脑外和下丘脑内温度信号输入对不同效应器控制的权重不同。
