Sanders B, Soares M P, D'Aquila J M
Child Dev. 1982 Aug;53(4):1106-10.
Plomin and Foch's conclusion that sex differences in cognition account for very little of the total variability is challenged by demonstrating that, on a complex test of spatial visualization, the difference between males and females accounts for a quite substantial portion of the variability of the test scores. 2 measures of spatial visualization--the ETS Card Rotations test and the Shepard/Metzler Mental Rotations test--were administered to a large sample of college students. The Card Rotations test requires identification of fairly simple abstract forms after rotation within the plane; the Mental Rotations test requires identification of representations of more complex 3-dimensional figures after rotation in 3-dimensional space. Males scored significantly higher than females on both tests. Sex accounted for only 2% of the variance on the Card Rotations test but for 16% of the variance on the Mental Rotations test. Comparable sex differences on the Shepard/Metzler Mental Rotations test have also been found by other investigators.
普洛明和福赫得出结论称,认知方面的性别差异在总变异性中所占比例极小,但这一结论受到了挑战,因为研究表明,在一项复杂的空间视觉测试中,男性和女性之间的差异在测试分数的变异性中占了相当大的比例。对一大群大学生进行了两项空间视觉测试——教育考试服务中心卡片旋转测试和谢泼德/梅茨勒心理旋转测试。卡片旋转测试要求在平面内旋转后识别相当简单的抽象图形;心理旋转测试要求在三维空间中旋转后识别更复杂的三维图形的表示。在两项测试中,男性得分均显著高于女性。性别在卡片旋转测试的方差中仅占2%,但在心理旋转测试的方差中占16%。其他研究人员在谢泼德/梅茨勒心理旋转测试中也发现了类似的性别差异。