Goldstein D, Haldane D, Mitchell C
Duke University Talent Identification Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706.
Mem Cognit. 1990 Sep;18(5):546-50. doi: 10.3758/bf03198487.
Two studies were designed to explore the role of performance factors as sources of the frequently noted higher male scores on visual-spatial ability tests. In the first study, the mental rotations test (MRT) was administered to male and female college students of equally high quantitative ability (based on SAT math scores). Although males had significantly more correct responses on the test than did females, their advantage was eliminated when the ratio of correct responses to items attempted was used as the dependent measure. In the second study, the same test was administered to new groups of male and female college students. In this sample, the males had significantly higher SAT math scores. The MRT was administered under standard, timed conditions and under untimed conditions. Both raw and ratio scores were calculated. With SAT math score as the covariate, analyses of covariance indicated that males demonstrated higher performance in the timed, raw-score condition but not in the untimed or in the ratio-score conditions. The theoretical and social policy implications of these studies are discussed.
两项研究旨在探讨表现因素作为视觉空间能力测试中男性分数经常较高这一现象的根源所起的作用。在第一项研究中，对定量能力同样高（基于学术能力评估测试数学成绩）的男女大学生进行了心理旋转测试（MRT）。尽管男性在测试中的正确回答明显多于女性，但当将正确回答与尝试项目的比例用作因变量时，他们的优势就消失了。在第二项研究中，对新的男女大学生群体进行了相同的测试。在这个样本中，男性的学术能力评估测试数学成绩明显更高。心理旋转测试在标准计时条件和非计时条件下进行。计算了原始分数和比例分数。以学术能力评估测试数学成绩作为协变量，协方差分析表明，男性在计时原始分数条件下表现更高，但在非计时或比例分数条件下并非如此。讨论了这些研究的理论和社会政策意义。
