Lapin I P, Prakhie I B, Kiseleva I P
J Neural Transm. 1982;54(3-4):229-38. doi: 10.1007/BF01254932.
When introduced intracerebroventricularly, quinolinic acid appeared to be the only kynurenine metabolite among those tested (L- and DL-kynurenine sulfate, kynurenic and nicotinic acids, nicotinamide) which induced locomotor excitement and clonic seizures in rats; in high dosage all exhibited convulsant action in mice. L-Kynurenine sulfate (500 micrograms) induced continuous rotation in rats around a longitudinal axis in one or other direction. It also potentiated the convulsant effect of strychnine sulfate and caffeine. Neither the excitatory amino acids, L-glutamic and L-aspartic acids nor the inhibitory amino acids, GABA, glycine and taurine induced excitement or seizures in rats but did in mice. In rats, GABA, glycine and taurine induced sedation, side position and discoordination. The convulsants, strychnine sulfate and pentylenetetrazole, induced seizures both in rats and mice. Differences between species may derive from the better access of intracerebroventricularly administered drugs to mouse hippocampus. Thus mice may be preferable for studies of this type on excitatory amino acids (including kynurenine pathway metabolites) and rats for those on inhibitory amino acids.
当脑室内注射时，喹啉酸似乎是所测试的犬尿氨酸代谢产物（L-和DL-硫酸犬尿氨酸、犬尿喹啉酸和烟酸、烟酰胺）中唯一能在大鼠中引起运动兴奋和阵挛性惊厥的物质；高剂量时，所有这些物质在小鼠中均表现出惊厥作用。L-硫酸犬尿氨酸（500微克）可使大鼠绕纵轴朝一个或另一个方向持续旋转。它还增强了硫酸士的宁和咖啡因的惊厥作用。兴奋性氨基酸L-谷氨酸和L-天冬氨酸以及抑制性氨基酸GABA、甘氨酸和牛磺酸在大鼠中均未引起兴奋或惊厥，但在小鼠中会引起。在大鼠中，GABA、甘氨酸和牛磺酸会引起镇静、侧卧和共济失调。惊厥剂硫酸士的宁和戊四氮在大鼠和小鼠中均会引起惊厥。物种差异可能源于脑室内给药的药物更容易进入小鼠海马体。因此，对于这类关于兴奋性氨基酸（包括犬尿氨酸途径代谢产物）的研究，小鼠可能更合适，而对于抑制性氨基酸的研究，大鼠可能更合适。
