Solano C H, Batten P G, Parish E A
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982 Sep;43(3):524-31. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.43.3.524.
The first study in this paper examined the hypothesis that feeling lonely is related to a self-perceived lack of self-disclosure to significant others. Thirty-seven male and 38 female undergraduates rated themselves on the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Jourard Self-Disclosure Questionnaire. Analyses showed that for males and females, loneliness was significantly and linearly related to a self-perceived lack of intimate disclosure to opposite-sex friends. For females, loneliness was also associated with a perceived lack of self-disclosure to same-sex friends. The second study investigated the relationship between loneliness and actual disclosure behavior. Twenty-four lonely subjects and 23 nonlonely subjects were paired with nonlonely partners in a structured acquaintanceship exercise. Both opposite-sex pairs and same-sex pairs were included in the design. Postexercise ratings by partners indicated that lonely subjects were less effective than nonlonely subjects in making themselves known. Analysis of the intimacy level in the conversations showed that lonely subjects had significantly different patterns of disclosure than nonlonely subjects. We suggest that the self-disclosure style of the lonely person impairs the normal development of social relationships.
本文的第一项研究检验了这样一种假设,即感到孤独与自我感知到的对重要他人缺乏自我表露有关。37名男性和38名女性本科生在加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独量表和朱拉德自我表露问卷上对自己进行了评分。分析表明,对于男性和女性而言,孤独与自我感知到的对异性朋友缺乏亲密表露显著且呈线性相关。对于女性来说,孤独还与感知到的对同性朋友缺乏自我表露有关。第二项研究调查了孤独与实际表露行为之间的关系。在一项结构化的相识练习中,24名孤独的受试者和23名不孤独的受试者与不孤独的伙伴配对。设计中包括了异性对和同性对。伙伴在练习后的评分表明,孤独的受试者在让他人了解自己方面不如不孤独的受试者有效。对对话中亲密程度的分析表明,孤独的受试者与不孤独的受试者有显著不同的表露模式。我们认为,孤独者的自我表露方式会损害社会关系的正常发展。