Benowitz N L, Kuyt F, Jacob P
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1982 Dec;32(6):758-64. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1982.233.
To estimate daily nicotine consumption from the smoking of cigarettes delivering different amounts of nicotine, we studied 12 healthy subjects who smoked 30 cigarettes a day of their usual brand (x = 1.2 mg nicotine) or high- (2.5 mg) or low-nicotine (0.4 mg) research cigarettes. Blood nicotine and carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were measured every 2 hr. Nicotine consumption was estimated by the 24-hr area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) and compared across smoking conditions. There was considerable interindividual variation in the nicotine AUC among subjects smoking research cigarettes or while smoking usual brands, even when the latter were normalized on the basis of machine-predicted nicotine delivery. Most subjects smoked the high-nicotine research cigarettes less intensively so that nicotine levels were only modestly higher after smoking high-nicotine cigarettes than after usual brands. Low-nicotine research cigarettes were not smoked more intensively than usual brands and blood nicotine levels were substantially lower than those after smoking a usual brand. Nicotine consumption while smoking usual brands correlated strongly with consumption while smoking high- (r = 0.91) and low-nicotine (r = 0.85) research cigarettes. Circadian studies of blood concentration of nicotine while smoking cigarettes provided a direct estimate of the level of nicotine in the body throughout the day. Results confirm observations by others that levels of nicotine in the body vary widely among individuals even when smoking the same number of identical cigarettes. Thus, neither number of cigarettes smoked nor smoking-machine delivery predict daily nicotine exposure very well.
为了估算吸食不同尼古丁含量香烟时的每日尼古丁摄入量，我们研究了12名健康受试者，他们每天吸食30支自己常用品牌的香烟（每支含尼古丁x = 1.2毫克），或高尼古丁含量（2.5毫克）或低尼古丁含量（0.4毫克）的研究用香烟。每2小时测量一次血液中的尼古丁和碳氧血红蛋白浓度。通过血液浓度-时间曲线下的24小时面积（AUC）估算尼古丁摄入量，并在不同吸烟条件下进行比较。在吸食研究用香烟的受试者或吸食常用品牌香烟时，尼古丁AUC存在相当大的个体间差异，即使后者根据机器预测的尼古丁释放量进行了标准化。大多数受试者吸食高尼古丁研究用香烟的强度较低，因此吸食高尼古丁香烟后的尼古丁水平仅比吸食常用品牌香烟后略高。低尼古丁研究用香烟的吸食强度并不比常用品牌香烟高，血液中的尼古丁水平也明显低于吸食常用品牌香烟后的水平。吸食常用品牌香烟时的尼古丁摄入量与吸食高尼古丁（r = 0.91）和低尼古丁（r = 0.85）研究用香烟时的摄入量密切相关。对吸食香烟时尼古丁血液浓度的昼夜研究直接估算了一天中体内尼古丁的水平。结果证实了其他人的观察结果，即即使吸食相同数量、相同品牌的香烟，个体体内的尼古丁水平也存在很大差异。因此，吸烟数量和吸烟机释放量都不能很好地预测每日尼古丁暴露量。
