Ellen G, Schuller P L, Bruijns E, Froeling P G, Baadenhuijsen H U
IARC Sci Publ. 1982(41):365-78.
Twelve healthy volunteers ingested orally 7-10.5 g of NH4NO3 in a single dose and 12 others received 9.5 g of NaNO3 intravenously in about 60 min. Samples of blood, saliva and urine were collected just before administration of nitrate and at various times afterwards during a 24 h period. Saliva and urine were analysed for volatile NA, nitrate and nitrite. Blood was analysed for nitrate. Neither in urine nor in saliva were NA other than NDMA detected. Of the 188 urine samples, only 13% contained more than 0.1 microgram NDMA/kg, the highest level being 0.5 microgram/kg. In 92% of the 179 saliva samples, less than 0.5 microgram NDMA/1 was found. The saliva of 1 person contained 0.7-8.9 microgram NDMA/1. Nitrate levels in blood rose sharply during the first hour after intravenous nitrate administration and 2 hours after oral intake, reaching peak values of ca. 6 mmol/1. Peak values for NO-3 + NO-2 in saliva, which were reached 2-6 hours after intake, varied strongly between individuals, ranging from 4 to 43 mmol/1. Nitrite was detected in 26% of the urine samples. There was no correlation between NDMA contents and nitrite in urine. An average of 75% of administered nitrate was excreted in urine in 24 h. However, nitrate contents in blood, urine and saliva after 24 h were still higher than before the nitrate intake.
12名健康志愿者单次口服7 - 10.5克硝酸铵，另外12人在约60分钟内静脉注射9.5克硝酸钠。在服用硝酸盐之前以及之后24小时内的不同时间采集血液、唾液和尿液样本。对唾液和尿液进行挥发性NA、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐分析。对血液进行硝酸盐分析。在尿液和唾液中均未检测到除NDMA之外的其他NA。在188份尿液样本中，只有13%的样本中NDMA含量超过0.1微克/千克，最高含量为0.5微克/千克。在179份唾液样本中，92%的样本中NDMA含量低于0.5微克/升。1人的唾液中NDMA含量为0.7 - 8.9微克/升。静脉注射硝酸盐后1小时内以及口服后2小时内，血液中的硝酸盐水平急剧上升，峰值约为6毫摩尔/升。摄入后2 - 6小时唾液中NO - 3 + NO - 2的峰值在个体间差异很大，范围为4至43毫摩尔/升。在26%的尿液样本中检测到亚硝酸盐。尿液中NDMA含量与亚硝酸盐之间无相关性。24小时内平均75%的摄入硝酸盐经尿液排出。然而，24小时后血液、尿液和唾液中的硝酸盐含量仍高于摄入硝酸盐之前。
