Enterline P E, Marsh G M
Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Dec;116(6):895-911. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113492.
A study of the mortality experience of 2802 men who worked one year or more during the period 1940-4964 at a copper smelter in Tacoma, Washington, where arsenic exposure occurred showed a twofold excess in respiratory cancer deaths. Using a time-weighted measure of exposure, a life table method for accumulating dose, and a 10-year lag period, the excess ranged from 1.5 in the lowest exposure category to 2.5 in the highest exposure category. Neither duration of exposure nor time since first exposure contributed strongly to the respiratory cancer excess. The twofold excess in respiratory cancer deaths held for workers with relatively short exposures (less than 10 years) and with a relatively short latency period (less than 20 years) as well as for those with longer exposure and latent periods. This appeared to be because the respiratory cancer excess tended to disappear with time for workers who terminated employment alive, and because workers in high-exposure jobs tended to terminate more quickly than workers in low-exposure jobs. A somewhat unorthodox analytic method showed a weak relationship between the respiratory cancer excess and exposure duration when exposure intensity was held constant. Here, arsenic exposure intensity made an independent contribution to the respiratory cancer excess.
一项针对2802名男性的死亡率研究表明，这些男性于1940年至1964年期间在华盛顿州塔科马市的一家铜冶炼厂工作了一年或更长时间，该厂存在砷暴露情况，其呼吸道癌症死亡人数高出两倍。采用时间加权暴露量度、累积剂量的生命表方法以及10年的滞后时间，超额风险范围从最低暴露类别中的1.5到最高暴露类别中的2.5。暴露时长和首次暴露后的时间对呼吸道癌症超额风险的影响均不显著。呼吸道癌症死亡人数高出两倍的情况在暴露时间相对较短（少于10年）、潜伏期相对较短（少于20年）的工人中存在，在暴露时间和潜伏期较长的工人中也存在。这似乎是因为对于存活离职的工人，呼吸道癌症超额风险往往会随时间消失，还因为高暴露岗位的工人比低暴露岗位的工人离职更快。一种 somewhat unorthodox分析方法显示，当暴露强度保持恒定时，呼吸道癌症超额风险与暴露时长之间存在微弱关联。在此，砷暴露强度对呼吸道癌症超额风险有独立影响。 （注：“somewhat unorthodox”直译为“有点非正统的”，在中文语境下较难准确表意，可根据上下文灵活调整表述，这里保留英文以便读者理解原词。）
