Poklis A
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1982 Oct-Nov;10(2-3):257-67. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(82)90020-5.
From 1977 to 1981, the intravenous use of a pentazocine/tripelennamine combination (T's and Blues) has become a major drug abuse problem in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. There has been a continuous increase in the involvement of these drugs in (a) sudden and violent deaths (62 homicides, 7 fatal intoxications), (b) emergency room visits (137 in 1980), (c) admissions to drug treatment programs (7.7% in 1978 up to 64% in 1981), and (d) police laboratory cases (100 in 1977 - 78 up to 700 in 1981). Initial popularity of the drugs was related to the decline in the quality of street heroin (2.5% in 1977 reduced to 0.5% by 1979) and the lack of strict legal controls. Serious adverse reactions include clonic-tonic seizures and pulmonary foreign body granulomatosis. Ethanol and diazepam were present in 53% and 10% of T's and Blues medical examiner's cases, respectively (n = 70). Addicts are usually black males, 20 - 30 years old, from impoverished areas of the city. The drugs are available to the illicit trade through theft or diversion from legitimate sources.
1977年至1981年期间，喷他佐辛/曲吡那敏组合制剂（“T氏蓝片”）的静脉注射使用在美国密苏里州圣路易斯市已成为一个主要的药物滥用问题。这些药物在以下方面的涉入情况持续增加：（a）突然和暴力死亡（62起凶杀案，7起致命中毒）；（b）急诊室就诊（1980年有137例）；（c）进入戒毒治疗项目的人数（1978年为7.7%，到1981年增至64%）；以及（d）警方实验室检测案例（1977 - 1978年有100例，到1981年增至700例）。这些药物最初受欢迎与街头海洛因质量下降（1977年为2.5%，到1979年降至0.5%）以及缺乏严格的法律管控有关。严重不良反应包括阵挛 - 强直发作和肺部异物肉芽肿。在70例“T氏蓝片”法医尸检案例中，分别有53%和10%检测出乙醇和地西泮。吸毒者通常是来自该市贫困地区的20至30岁黑人男性。这些药物可通过盗窃或从合法来源转移至非法交易渠道获取。
