Sinnecker H, Sinnecker R, Zilske E, Koehler D
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A Med Mikrobiol Infekt Parasitol. 1982 Dec;253(3):297-304.
Field experiments with domestic ducks as sentinels and virological and serological population observations on wild pelagic birds on a seabird-breeding island in the Baltic sea and on rivers and lakes near Berlin were conducted to detect the influenza A virus circulation and epidemics in wild pelagic bird populations. Influenza A virus isolates were detected in tracheal and cloacal swabs from sentinel ducks and from healthy pelagic birds. Influenza A virus epidemics with different subtypes in an influenza season beginning in July/August occurred approximately monthly. According to serological population studies in wild pelagic birds there were some epidemics with influenza A viruses, also related to Fowl Plaque Virus (Hav1) and Swine influenza virus (Hsw1). It is possible to recognize epidemics among wild birds by sentinels and by periodic serological observations of wild pelagic bird populations. One isolate from sentinel ducks - A/duck/Potsdam/81 (Hav8 Nav5) - had an hitherto undescribed combination of the surface antigens.
在波罗的海一个海鸟繁殖岛屿以及柏林附近的河流和湖泊上，开展了以家鸭为哨兵的野外试验，并对野生远洋鸟类进行了病毒学和血清学群体观察，以检测甲型流感病毒在野生远洋鸟类群体中的传播和流行情况。在哨兵鸭以及健康的远洋鸟类的气管和泄殖腔拭子中检测到了甲型流感病毒分离株。始于7月/8月的流感季节中，不同亚型的甲型流感病毒流行大约每月发生一次。根据对野生远洋鸟类的血清学群体研究，存在一些甲型流感病毒引起的流行，这些流行还与禽痘病毒（Hav1）和猪流感病毒（Hsw1）有关。通过哨兵以及对野生远洋鸟类群体进行定期血清学观察，有可能识别野生鸟类中的疫情。从哨兵鸭分离出的一株病毒——A/鸭/波茨坦/81（Hav8 Nav5）——具有一种迄今未描述的表面抗原组合。
