Halvorson D, Karunakaran D, Senne D, Kelleher C, Bailey C, Abraham A, Hinshaw V, Newman J
Avian Dis. 1983 Jan-Mar;27(1):77-85.
Isolation-reared mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were placed on ponds in turkey-rearing areas in Minnesota, and their cloacae were periodically swabbed to attempt isolating virus from embryonated chicken eggs. Nearby turkeys were sampled by taking cloacal and tracheal swabs as well as blood samples. Hemagglutinating viruses were identified at the National Veterinary Services Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa. During this two-year study, the weekly influenza virus-isolation rate from ducks varied from 0 to 24.4%. A total of 213 influenza viruses were isolated from the ducks. Twenty-six influenza virus subtypes were detected. Ninety-seven flocks of turkeys were diagnosed as having influenza by virus isolation and/or serology. Eight influenza virus subtypes were involved in the turkey outbreaks, and seven of these were also detected in the ducks and/or other avian species. The weekly infection rate of the sentinel ducks correlated directly with observations of wild ducks at the monitoring sites. Influenza virus was isolated from water samples collected near the sentinel duck sites during the study.
将隔离饲养的绿头鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）放置在明尼苏达州火鸡养殖区的池塘中，并定期擦拭它们的泄殖腔，试图从鸡胚中分离病毒。对附近的火鸡进行采样，采集泄殖腔和气管拭子以及血液样本。在美国农业部艾姆斯国家兽医服务实验室对血凝病毒进行鉴定。在这项为期两年的研究中，鸭子的流感病毒每周分离率在0%至24.4%之间变化。从鸭子中总共分离出213种流感病毒。检测到26种流感病毒亚型。通过病毒分离和/或血清学诊断出97群火鸡感染了流感。火鸡疫情涉及8种流感病毒亚型，其中7种也在鸭子和/或其他鸟类中检测到。哨兵鸭的每周感染率与监测点野鸭的观察结果直接相关。在研究期间，从哨兵鸭站点附近采集的水样中分离出了流感病毒。
