Osterballe O
Allergy. 1982 Nov;37(8):553-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1982.tb02340.x.
In a 3-year prospective double blind study, grass pollen allergic patients were allocated to perennial hyposensitization with the timothy major allergens Nos. 19 and 25 (2-component extract) or a 20-component timothy extract. The extracts were biologically standardized and adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide for treatment. Systemic side effects (SSE) had début after 1 1/2-5 h and lasted without treatment 1/2-10 h. Treatment with the 2-component extract showed preponderance of minor SSE (arthralgia, rhinitis, tiredness, headache, conjunctivitis, nausea, flu-like symptoms), but major SSE (urticaria, angioedema, asthma) were equally distributed between treatment with the two timothy extracts. Major SSE complicated the treatment before the first grass pollen season in 33% of the patients vs. only in 3% during the subsequent perennial therapy, and developed (92%) at high single dose of greater than or equal to 1,000 biological units. The majority (69%) were later able to reach the same or higher dose without relapse. Most (62%) patients with major SSE were predicted by high nasal sensitivity before treatment. Only 18% of the patients had immediate local skin reactions of greater than or equal to 2 cm, but delayed local side effects of greater than or equal to 10 cm were recorded in 70%. Immediate skin reactions did not correlate with delayed skin reactions or with SSE, but delayed local side effects tended towards negative correlation with major SSE. A mean area reduction of 50% of the delayed skin reactions was recorded by repetition of a single dose. Subcutaneous nodules appeared at single doses of greater than or equal to 5,000 biological units. Only 5% of the patients contracted nodules during initial preseasonal therapy compared with 38% during subsequent perennial dosage. The nodules contained typical benign granulomas, and the frequency in the two groups was proportionate to the quantity of aluminium in the two extracts.
在一项为期3年的前瞻性双盲研究中，对草花粉过敏患者进行分组，一组采用主要致敏原19号和25号的多年生黑麦草变应原进行减敏治疗（2组分提取物），另一组采用20组分的多年生黑麦草提取物。提取物经生物标准化处理并吸附于氢氧化铝用于治疗。全身副作用（SSE）在1.5 - 5小时后出现，未经治疗可持续0.5 - 10小时。使用2组分提取物治疗时，轻微SSE（关节痛、鼻炎、疲劳、头痛、结膜炎、恶心、流感样症状）更为常见，但严重SSE（荨麻疹、血管性水肿、哮喘）在两种多年生黑麦草提取物治疗中分布相当。在第一个草花粉季节前，33%的患者因严重SSE使治疗复杂化，而在随后的常年治疗中这一比例仅为3%，且严重SSE（92%）发生在单次高剂量大于或等于1000生物单位时。大多数（69%）患者后来能够达到相同或更高剂量且无复发。大多数（62%）发生严重SSE的患者在治疗前鼻腔敏感性较高。只有18%的患者出现大于或等于2厘米的即刻局部皮肤反应，但70%的患者记录到大于或等于10厘米的延迟局部副作用。即刻皮肤反应与延迟皮肤反应或SSE无关，但延迟局部副作用与严重SSE呈负相关趋势。重复单次剂量后，延迟皮肤反应的平均面积减少了50%。皮下结节出现在单次剂量大于或等于5000生物单位时。在初始季节前治疗期间，只有5%的患者出现结节，而在随后的常年给药期间这一比例为38%。结节中含有典型的良性肉芽肿，两组中的发生率与两种提取物中的铝含量成比例。
