Luhtanen P, Komi P V
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1980;44(3):279-89. doi: 10.1007/BF00421627.
Ground reaction forces and mechanical power were investigated when the subjects walked normally, while they were racing or running at four speeds, and when they performed the running long jump take-off. In addition, the apparent spring constants of the support leg in eccentric and concentric phases were investigated at the four running speeds, during the running long jump take-off, and in the triple jump. Six club level track and field athletes, four national level long jumpers, and six national level triple jumpers took part in the study. Cinematographic technique and a mathematical model of hopping (Alexander and Vernon 1975) were employed in the analysis. Force and power values were found to vary in the following order (from highest to lowest): long jump take-off, maximal running speed, submaximal running (80, 60, and 40% of maximum speed), racing gait, and normal gait. The data disclosed that the measured parameters had the highest values in the long jump take-off performed by the long jump athletes. Their peak values were: resultant ground reaction force 3270 +/- 74 N and mechanical power 160.1 +/- 10.5 J x kg-1 x s-1. For the track and field athletes the values were 2010 +/- 80 N and 126.0 +/0 12.6 J x kg-1 x s-1. The apparent spring constant values of the support leg in the national level jumper group were in eccentric phase 30.54 +/- 8.38 N x mm-1 x kg-1 and in concentric phase 0.129 +/- 0.012 N x mm-1 x kg-1. In the track and field athletes the values were 13.97 +/- 1.01 N x mm-1 x kg-1 and 0.093 +/- 0.003 N x mm-1 x kg-1, respectively. In general, the increase in force and mechanical power output was related to the value of the apparent spring constant of the support leg in the eccentric phase. The spring constant in the eccentric phase increased with the velocity of motion in running, the long jump take-off and the triple jump. This suggests that it may be possible to use this parameter as a measure of mechanical performance, as it may reflect the combined elasticity of muscles, tendons, and bones.
研究了受试者正常行走、以四种速度赛跑或跑步以及进行跳远起跳时的地面反作用力和机械功率。此外，还研究了在四种跑步速度下、跳远起跳过程中以及三级跳过程中支撑腿在离心和向心阶段的表观弹簧常数。六名俱乐部级田径运动员、四名国家级跳远运动员和六名国家级三级跳远运动员参与了该研究。分析中采用了电影技术和跳跃数学模型（Alexander和Vernon，1975年）。发现力和功率值按以下顺序变化（从最高到最低）：跳远起跳、最大跑步速度、次最大跑步（最大速度的80%、60%和40%）、赛跑步态和正常步态。数据显示，测量参数在跳远运动员进行的跳远起跳中具有最高值。其峰值为：地面反作用力合力3270±74N，机械功率160.1±10.5J·kg⁻¹·s⁻¹。对于田径运动员，这些值分别为2010±80N和126.0±12.6J·kg⁻¹·s⁻¹。国家级跳远运动员组支撑腿的表观弹簧常数在离心阶段为30.54±8.
