Lee P N
Food Chem Toxicol. 1982 Apr;20(2):223-9. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(82)80254-8.
Before 1980 the argument that passive smoking was a serious health hazard was rather tenuous. It was claimed that it produced allergic reactions, impaired driving ability, reduced exercise tolerance in patients with cardiorespiratory disease and increased the risk of bronchitis and pneumonia in first-year children. However, none of these claims provided convincing evidence relevant to the normal healthy adult nonsmoker. Many studies indicate that nonsmokers are unlikely to inhale more than a very small amount of those components of tobacco smoke traditionally considered harmful. It was surprising, therefore, when a study carried out in the USA showed reduced airways function and studies from Japan and Greece showed an increased lung cancer incidence, in nonsmokers passively exposed to tobacco smoke in comparison with nonsmokers not so exposed. A review of the detail of these studies suggests that none provides conclusive evidence that passive smoking is seriously harmful, a view supported by a recent large study that was carried out in the USA and in which no significant relationship was found between passive smoking and lung cancer. More research is urgently needed, particularly to explore the influence of potentially confounding factors.
1980年以前，关于被动吸烟会对健康造成严重危害的论点相当薄弱。有人声称，被动吸烟会引发过敏反应、损害驾驶能力、降低心肺疾病患者的运动耐力，并增加一岁儿童患支气管炎和肺炎的风险。然而，这些说法都没有为正常健康的成年不吸烟者提供令人信服的证据。许多研究表明，不吸烟者吸入的传统上被认为有害的烟草烟雾成分不太可能超过极少量。因此，当美国进行的一项研究显示被动接触烟草烟雾的不吸烟者气道功能下降，而日本和希腊的研究显示这类不吸烟者患肺癌的几率增加时，人们感到很惊讶。对这些研究细节的回顾表明，没有一项研究能提供确凿证据证明被动吸烟具有严重危害，美国最近进行的一项大型研究也支持了这一观点，该研究未发现被动吸烟与肺癌之间存在显著关联。迫切需要开展更多研究，尤其是要探究潜在混杂因素的影响。
