Borchers H D, Wallbaum F, Keck E W, Lassrich M A, Löhr H, Vogel H
Rontgenblatter. 1981 Feb;34(2):61-5.
Various methods for determining exposure to radiation are critically reviewed on the basis of 358 x-ray examinations of children (218 cardiac catheters with angiocardiography, 39 gastrointestinal examinations, 101 urological examinations). It is shown that the surface dose is an insufficient parameter for the actual exposure of the child to radiation. Estimates of the radiation risk based thereon are misleading. Even the determination of the area dose product and the integral dose alone will not allow any valid comparison of the exposure in different age groups. The important factor for an accurate determination of the somatic radiation risk is the ratio of integral dose to the body mass (mean body dose), since this is the only factor which is independent of body variables, i.e. only this figure will yield the relation of radiation risks in different age groups. Independent of the examination methods, a higher radiation risk must be assumed in infants than in older children or adults. These relationships are demonstrated on the basis of the author's own measurements and calculations.
基于对儿童进行的358次X射线检查（218次心脏导管造影血管造影、39次胃肠道检查、101次泌尿外科检查），对各种确定辐射暴露的方法进行了批判性综述。结果表明，表面剂量对于儿童实际受到的辐射暴露来说是一个不充分的参数。基于此的辐射风险估计会产生误导。即使仅确定面积剂量乘积和积分剂量，也无法对不同年龄组的暴露情况进行任何有效的比较。准确确定躯体辐射风险的重要因素是积分剂量与体重的比值（平均身体剂量），因为这是唯一独立于身体变量的因素，即只有这个数值才能得出不同年龄组辐射风险的关系。无论检查方法如何，必须假定婴儿的辐射风险高于大龄儿童或成年人。这些关系是根据作者自己的测量和计算得出的。
