Askenase P W, Debernardo R, Tauben D, Kashgarian M
Immunology. 1978 Nov;35(5):741-55.
Many delayed-type reactions contain large infiltrates of basophils whose function is unknown. We have studied these cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) reactions in guinea-pigs to ascertain whether basophils that are recruited to delayed reaction sites could be triggered for immediate reactivity. We compared 24 h CBH reactions with nearby skin for immediate hypersensitivity by challenging each site with small amounts of antigen. CBH sites had augmented immediate increases in vascular permeability detected by extravasation of Evan's blue dye. The ability to elicit this augmented anaphylactic phenomenon correlated with the local presence of basophils, and light microscopy at CBH reactions 15 min after antigen challenge showed a 50% decline in basophil counts. Electron microscopy showed that progressive anaphylactic-type degranulation of local basophils occurred within minutes following reintroduction of antigen. There was fusion of vacuoles containing granules, exocytosis of granules, and dissolution of granules, without ultrastructural disruption of cellular integrity. These results establish that basophils in CBH reactions can be triggered with soluble antigen to undergo anaphylactic degranulation, with the immediate release of vasoactive mediators. We have termed this phenomenon 'cutaneous basophil anaphylaxis'. Thus, one function of basophils at sites of delayed hypersensitivity may be to provide the potential for augmented, local, immediate anaphylactic reactivity.
许多迟发型反应含有大量功能未知的嗜碱性粒细胞浸润。我们在豚鼠身上研究了这些皮肤嗜碱性粒细胞超敏反应（CBH），以确定招募到迟发型反应部位的嗜碱性粒细胞是否能被触发产生速发型反应性。我们通过用少量抗原刺激每个部位，将24小时的CBH反应与附近皮肤的速发型超敏反应进行比较。CBH部位通过伊文思蓝染料外渗检测到血管通透性的即刻增加增强。引发这种增强的过敏现象的能力与嗜碱性粒细胞的局部存在相关，抗原激发后15分钟对CBH反应进行光学显微镜检查显示嗜碱性粒细胞计数下降了50%。电子显微镜显示，重新引入抗原后几分钟内，局部嗜碱性粒细胞出现进行性过敏样脱颗粒。含有颗粒的液泡融合、颗粒胞吐和颗粒溶解，而细胞完整性没有超微结构破坏。这些结果表明，CBH反应中的嗜碱性粒细胞可以被可溶性抗原触发，发生过敏脱颗粒，立即释放血管活性介质。我们将这种现象称为“皮肤嗜碱性粒细胞过敏反应”。因此，嗜碱性粒细胞在迟发型超敏反应部位的一个功能可能是提供增强的局部速发型过敏反应性的潜力。
