Haynes J D, Askenase P W
J Immunol. 1977 Mar;118(3):1063-9.
Previous studies have demonstrated a failure to elicit delayed hypersensitivity skin responses in neonatal guinea pigs despite apparent immunologic competence of their lymphocytes and monocytes. The ability of neonatal guinea pigs to manifest cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) responses was examined. Neonates were competent to express macroscopic and microscopic aspects of these delayed reactions. Strong cutaneous basophil responses were elicited in newborns (0 to 2 days old) in a hapten-specific manner after intravenous transfer of small amounts of immune serum (0.5 ml) obtained from adult donors. Also, neonatal guinea pigs actively immunized at birth with hapten-carrier conjugates emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and skin tested when 1 week old had 24-hr hapten-specific cutaneous basophil reactions and CBH reactions to the carrier protein as well. Compared with adult CBH reactions, neonatal responses had equal concentrations of basophils, fewer monocuclear cells, less macroscopic erythema, and almost no induration. Hapten-specific CBH reactions also contained significant infiltrates of eosinophils which were more prominent in the ear skin vs flank skin and in neonates vs adults. Immunization with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) resulted in a marked difference between adults and neonates; adult PPD reactions were quite indurated and contained many more monoculear cells and few basophils, whereas neonatal PPD reactions were flat, erythematous, nonindurated, and contained relatively few mononuclear cells and more basophils. Thus, neonatal tuberculin reactions elicited by PPD in animals immunized with CFA were examples of CBH. Skin testing nonimmune guinea pigs with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) also revealed marked differences in 24-hr cutaneous reactions between adults and newborns. Adults had indurated and erythematous reactions which contained approximately 20% basophils and 80% mononuclear cells, whereas similar PHA skin tests in newborns elicited small macroscopic reactions, which microscopically showed large infiltrates containing approximately 80% basophils and 20% mononuclear cells. It was concluded that neonatal guinea pigs were not only competent to manifest basophil-containig delayed-type reactions, but that cutaneous basophil responses were preferentially elicited in these animals under a variety of circumstances. These results underline the fact that basophil accumulations are one aspect of delayed skin test responses and that the regulation of the arrival of these cells in neonates is different from that in adult guinea pigs.
以往的研究表明，尽管新生豚鼠的淋巴细胞和单核细胞具有明显的免疫能力，但它们无法引发迟发型超敏皮肤反应。对新生豚鼠表现出皮肤嗜碱性粒细胞超敏反应（CBH）的能力进行了研究。新生豚鼠能够表现出这些迟发型反应的宏观和微观特征。在静脉注射从成年供体获得的少量免疫血清（0.5毫升）后，新生豚鼠（0至2日龄）以半抗原特异性的方式引发了强烈的皮肤嗜碱性粒细胞反应。此外，出生时用半抗原-载体结合物与不完全弗氏佐剂（IFA）乳化进行主动免疫的新生豚鼠，在1周龄时进行皮肤试验，出现了24小时的半抗原特异性皮肤嗜碱性粒细胞反应以及对载体蛋白的CBH反应。与成年豚鼠的CBH反应相比，新生豚鼠的反应中嗜碱性粒细胞浓度相同，单核细胞较少，宏观红斑较少，几乎没有硬结。半抗原特异性CBH反应中也有大量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，在耳部皮肤与胁腹皮肤相比以及新生豚鼠与成年豚鼠相比时更为明显。用完全弗氏佐剂（CFA）免疫导致成年豚鼠和新生豚鼠之间存在显著差异；成年豚鼠的PPD反应硬结明显，含有更多的单核细胞和较少的嗜碱性粒细胞，而新生豚鼠的PPD反应扁平、红斑状、无硬结，含有相对较少的单核细胞和较多的嗜碱性粒细胞。因此，在用CFA免疫的动物中，PPD引发的新生豚鼠结核菌素反应是CBH的例子。用植物血凝素（PHA）对非免疫豚鼠进行皮肤试验也揭示了成年豚鼠和新生豚鼠在24小时皮肤反应上的显著差异。成年豚鼠出现硬结和红斑反应，其中约20%为嗜碱性粒细胞，80%为单核细胞，而新生豚鼠类似的PHA皮肤试验引发的宏观反应较小，显微镜下显示大量浸润，其中约80%为嗜碱性粒细胞，20%为单核细胞。得出的结论是，新生豚鼠不仅能够表现出含有嗜碱性粒细胞的迟发型反应，而且在多种情况下这些动物中优先引发皮肤嗜碱性粒细胞反应。这些结果强调了一个事实，即嗜碱性粒细胞聚集是迟发型皮肤试验反应的一个方面，并且这些细胞在新生豚鼠中到达的调节与成年豚鼠不同。
