Hypo- and hyperosmolal saline and raffinose on kidney cortical cell volume at 37 degrees C.

Cell water content was measured in respiring rat renal cortical slices incubated in hypo- and hyperosmolal saline with and without raffinose and ouabain for 60 min at 37 degrees C. At 60 min, hyposmolal saline (228 mosmol/kg H2O) caused a 16% swelling of cells, whereas addition of 73 mM raffinose (299 mosmol/kg H2O) caused a 33% shrinkage. Physiological saline plus raffinose (364 mosmol/kg H2O) caused a 28% cell shrinkage, whereas addition of saline (385 mosmol/kg H2O) produced only a 10% decrease in cell volume. The effects of raffinose were reversible. At physiological Na concentrations, osmole for osmole raffinose was 4 times as effective in shrinking cells as saline, but only 2 times as effective at Na of 112 mM. Osmotic effectiveness of saline changed, that of raffinose did not. Ouabain caused no changes in cell volume and did not prevent the effect of raffinose. In conclusion, there is no volume regulation to nonelectrolyte solutes and only partial volume regulation to saline, and this is due to differential osmotic effects of these solutes, that of saline decreasing from low to high Na.