Saccuzzo D P, Braff D L
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981 Feb;38(2):175-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780270061008.
In recent years, the idea that schizophrenia involves a primary disturbance of the higher cognitive (ie, cortical) thinking processes has been challenged by investigators who have shown that there may be a primary disturbance in schizophrenia in the early stages of information processing that occurs during the first few hundred milliseconds after the stimulus reaches the sense organs. Among the hypothesized early information processing deficits are deficiencies in iconic storage (a brief peripheral memory store) and slowness of processing from iconic storage to a more permanent memory system. Three experiments were conducted using tachistoscopically presented stimuli in order to evaluate these two stages of information processing (iconic storage and speed of processing) in schizophrenic and control subjects. Results converged in supporting the hypothesis, that independent of iconic storage and sensory registration, slow information processing is a relatively stable deficit of schizophrenic patients with a poor prognosis. The schizophrenic patients with a good prognosis had a similar deficit, which was reversible. Results are discussed as they relate to the early information processing deficit theories of schizophrenia.
近年来，精神分裂症涉及高级认知（即皮层）思维过程的原发性障碍这一观点受到了研究者的挑战，他们表明，在精神分裂症中，刺激到达感觉器官后的最初几百毫秒内的信息处理早期阶段可能存在原发性障碍。在假设的早期信息处理缺陷中，有图像存储（一种短暂的外周记忆存储）不足以及从图像存储到更持久记忆系统的处理速度缓慢。进行了三项实验，使用速示器呈现刺激，以评估精神分裂症患者和对照受试者信息处理的这两个阶段（图像存储和处理速度）。结果一致支持这一假设，即与图像存储和感觉登记无关，信息处理缓慢是预后不良的精神分裂症患者相对稳定的缺陷。预后良好的精神分裂症患者有类似的缺陷，但这种缺陷是可逆的。本文将讨论这些结果与精神分裂症早期信息处理缺陷理论的关系。
