Gordon B N
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 1981 Spring;11(3):167-78. doi: 10.1007/BF00709381.
This research investigated the relationship between children's temperamental characteristics and adult behavior. Children were selected for four sex-by-temperament groups on the basis of parent report of temperament and were observed interacting with either a highly controlling or a very permissive adult. The results indicated that the degree of adult control or demands is an important component in understanding the "goodness of fit" between parent behavior and child characteristics and that a child's temperament and its relationship to adult behavior cannot be considered in isolation from other child characteristics, particularly the child's sex. Children's sex and temperament were found to interact in relationship with adult controlling behavior while no child behaviors varied as a function of sex or temperament alone. Adults were found to adjust their controlling behavior as a function of the child's sex and temperament. The results are discussed in light of the cross-sex effects of social reinforcement.
本研究调查了儿童的气质特征与成人行为之间的关系。根据家长对气质的报告，将儿童分为四个性别-气质组，并观察他们与高度控制型或非常放任型的成人互动。结果表明，成人控制或要求的程度是理解家长行为与儿童特征之间“拟合度”的一个重要因素，而且儿童的气质及其与成人行为的关系不能脱离其他儿童特征，尤其是儿童的性别来考虑。研究发现，儿童的性别和气质在与成人控制行为的关系中存在相互作用，而没有任何儿童行为仅因性别或气质而有所不同。研究发现，成人会根据儿童的性别和气质来调整他们的控制行为。根据社会强化的跨性别效应讨论了研究结果。
