Scholom A, Zucker R A, Stollak G E
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1979 Sep;7(3):297-308. doi: 10.1007/BF00916539.
The central question at issue was the role of both infant and parent temperament in determining child adjustment at age 4. Within the conceptual framework of the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS), both infant and parent temperament were assessed. Factor analyses yielded three comparable infant and parent temperament factors: Mood, Energy, and Consistency. Correlations with teacher ratings of child adjustment indicated the most significant relationship to be with the infant girls' Mood factor (comparable to the NYLS high-risk "difficult" infant factor). No infant factors were found to relate to boys' adjustment, while maternal Mood was significant across sexes. Indices of the temperamental similarity within families also revealed sex differences relative to adjustment, with similarity across all family members significantly related to adjustment for girls and boy-father dissimilarity significant for boys. Discussion centered around continuity-discontinuity issues relevant to sex differences.
争论的核心问题是婴儿和父母的气质在决定孩子4岁时的适应能力方面所起的作用。在纽约纵向研究（NYLS）的概念框架内，对婴儿和父母的气质都进行了评估。因子分析得出了三个可比的婴儿和父母气质因子：情绪、活力和稳定性。与教师对孩子适应能力的评分的相关性表明，最显著的关系是与女婴的情绪因子相关（类似于NYLS的高风险“难养型”婴儿因子）。未发现婴儿因子与男孩的适应能力有关，而母亲的情绪在两性中都具有显著性。家庭内部气质相似性的指标也揭示了与适应能力相关的性别差异，所有家庭成员之间的相似性与女孩的适应能力显著相关，而男孩与父亲的差异对男孩来说具有显著性。讨论集中在与性别差异相关的连续性-非连续性问题上。
