Barrie H J
J Rheumatol. 1981 Mar-Apr;8(2):246-57.
A histologic study of surgically removed rheumatoid metatarsal and metacarpal heads showed that, at this late stage of the disease, the changes in residual cartilage are mainly reparative. An outstanding one is the formation of a new surface under dead cartilage, analogous to the replacement of a snake's skin. Dead cartilage has to be eroded in toto. When live cartilage is exposed to vascular tissue, the chondrocytes take part in the involutionary process. Chondrocytes also appear to initiate the process described as pannus. Deformities are often produced by flask-shaped defects showing severe marginal osteitis. Active erosion of the surface by synovial adhesions has probably been overemphasized in the literature.
一项对手术切除的类风湿性跖骨头和掌骨头的组织学研究表明，在疾病的这个晚期阶段，残留软骨的变化主要是修复性的。一个显著的变化是在坏死软骨下形成新的表面，类似于蛇皮的更替。坏死软骨必须被完全侵蚀。当活软骨暴露于血管组织时，软骨细胞会参与退化过程。软骨细胞似乎也启动了被称为血管翳的过程。畸形通常由表现出严重边缘性骨炎的烧瓶状缺损引起。滑膜粘连对表面的积极侵蚀在文献中可能被过度强调了。
