Slesinger D P, Cautley E
Public Health Rep. 1981 May-Jun;96(3):255-63.
In a survey conducted in 1978 of a 10 percent stratified random sample of Wisconsin migrant agricultural workers, the self-perceived health status and the medical utilization patterns of the Hispanic workers in the sample (92 percent of the total group) were examined.Based on prior research with national populations, it was hypothesized that older, female, better educated, and English-speaking workers would have higher utilization levels. Utilization was measured by four variables: a physician or clinic visit in the preceding year and ever having had a general physical examination, a dental visit, or a vision checkup.The survey results, based on unverified self-reported data, indicated that in general the use by migrant workers of health services, especially preventive care, was low compared with other populations. Some of the hypotheses that were tested were confirmed by the survey data: older workers were more likely to have visited a physician in the preceding year and to have had a routine physical examination; women were more likely to have seen a physician in the preceding year and to have had a dental visit; workers who spoke English as well as Spanish (usually the younger workers) were more likely to have been to a dentist and to have had a vision checkup. Educational attainment was not related to any of the utilization measures.Besides the demographic factors related to medical utilization, the survey revealed barriers to care related to time, distance, language, and money. Access to a migrant health clinic and the availability of Medicaid were related to dentist visits and vision checkups. Thirty-eight percent of the migrants had used migrant health clinics; only 14 percent had used Medicaid to pay medical bills; about one in five had no means of payment except his or her own funds.
1978年，对威斯康星州流动农业工人进行了一次调查，抽取了10%的分层随机样本，对样本中的西班牙裔工人（占总群体的92%）的自我感知健康状况和医疗利用模式进行了调查。基于之前对全国人口的研究，假设年龄较大、女性、受教育程度较高且会说英语的工人的医疗利用率会更高。医疗利用率通过四个变量来衡量：前一年是否去看过医生或诊所，以及是否进行过全身检查、牙科检查或视力检查。基于未经核实的自我报告数据的调查结果表明，总体而言，与其他人群相比，流动工人对医疗服务的利用，尤其是预防性护理的利用较低。调查数据证实了一些经过检验的假设：年龄较大的工人在前一年更有可能去看医生并进行常规体检；女性在前一年更有可能去看医生并进行牙科检查；既会说英语又会说西班牙语的工人（通常是年轻工人）更有可能去看牙医并进行视力检查。受教育程度与任何一项医疗利用率指标均无关联。除了与医疗利用相关的人口因素外，调查还揭示了与时间、距离、语言和金钱有关的医疗障碍。能否进入流动医疗诊所和是否有医疗补助与看牙医和视力检查有关。38%的流动工人使用过流动医疗诊所；只有14%的人使用医疗补助支付医疗费用；大约五分之一的人除了自己的资金外没有其他支付方式。
