Krous H F, Campbell G A, Fowler M W, Catron A C, Farber J P
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981 Aug 1;140(7):743-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(81)90733-x.
Several recent studies have established maternal smoking as a significant risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). To test our hypothesis that nicotine, a component of cigarette smoke, may exert an injurious effect on the fetal brain stem, we administered nicotine in drinking water to Sprague-Dawley rats prior to and throughout the first 20 days of gestation. The nicotine dose and schedule of consumption in this experiment paralleled that of human usage. Fetuses from nicotine-treated mothers had significantly more dead cells in a standard section of the medulla than controls, but little difference was observed in the postnatal respiratory responses of treated and control animals to the inhalation of various gas mixtures. The birth weights of nicotine-exposed fetuses were significantly less than those of controls. Although the degree of fetal brain stem injury produced by nicotine in this experiment is small, it is our concern that maternal smoking might cause a more severe lesion in the human fetus and thereby increase the risk of SIDS by contributing to aberrant postnatal respiratory responses to noxious stimuli.
最近的几项研究已将孕妇吸烟确定为婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）的一个重要危险因素。为了检验我们的假设，即香烟烟雾中的成分尼古丁可能会对胎儿脑干产生有害影响，我们在妊娠前及妊娠的前20天期间，给斯普拉格-道利大鼠饮用含尼古丁的水。本实验中尼古丁的剂量和摄入时间表与人类使用情况相似。与对照组相比，尼古丁处理组母亲所生胎儿在延髓标准切片中的死细胞明显更多，但在处理组和对照组动物出生后对吸入各种气体混合物的呼吸反应方面，观察到的差异很小。暴露于尼古丁的胎儿出生体重明显低于对照组。尽管在本实验中尼古丁对胎儿脑干造成的损伤程度较小，但我们担心孕妇吸烟可能会在人类胎儿中导致更严重的损害，从而通过导致出生后对有害刺激的异常呼吸反应而增加SIDS的风险。
