Schull W J, Otake M, Neel J V
Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1220-7. doi: 10.1126/science.7268429.
Data are presented on four indicators of genetic effects from studies of children born to survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The indicators are frequency of untoward pregnancy outcomes (stillbirth, major congenital defect, death during the first postnatal weak); occurrence of death in live-born children, through an average of life expectancy of 17 years; frequency of children with sex chromosome aneuploidy; and frequency of children with mutation resulting in an eletrophoretic variant. In no instance is there a statistically significant effect of parental exposure; but for all indicators the observed effect is in the direction suggested by the hypothesis that genetic damage resulted from the exposure. On the basis of assumptions concerning the contribution that spontaneous mutation in the preceding generation makes to the indicators in question, it is possible to estimate the genetic doubling dose for radiation for the first three indicators (the data base is still too small for the fourth). The average of these estimates is 156 rems. This is some four times higher than the results from experimental studies on the mouse with comparable radiation sources, which have been the principal guide to the presumed human sensitivities. The relevance of these data in setting permissible limits for human exposures is discussed briefly.
本文呈现了对广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者所生孩子进行研究得出的四个遗传效应指标的数据。这些指标包括不良妊娠结局（死产、主要先天性缺陷、出生后第一周内死亡）的发生率；活产儿童的死亡率以及平均17年的预期寿命；性染色体非整倍体儿童的发生率；以及因突变导致电泳变异的儿童的发生率。在任何情况下，父母暴露都没有统计学上的显著影响；但对于所有指标而言，观察到的影响都与因暴露导致遗传损伤这一假设所暗示的方向一致。基于关于上一代自发突变对相关指标贡献的假设，可以估算出前三个指标的辐射遗传加倍剂量（第四个指标的数据库仍然太小）。这些估算值的平均值为156雷姆。这大约是用类似辐射源对小鼠进行实验研究结果的四倍，而这些实验研究结果一直是假定人类敏感性的主要指导依据。本文还简要讨论了这些数据在设定人类暴露允许限值方面的相关性。
