Haines H, McKenna T M, Melton J E
Am J Physiol. 1978 Nov;235(5):R237-42. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1978.235.5.R237.
Total body water (TBW), extracellular volume (ECV), and plasma volume (PV) were measured in wild house mice acclimated to chronic water shortage and compared to the same measures in mice exposed acutely to water shortage. Chronic mice were either steady state (SS), i.e., completely acclimated, or nonsteady state (NSS), i.e., transitional. Water shortage was imposed sequentially--1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 ad lib., and no water. SS mice lost solids and cellular fluid at each level of restriction, but maintained plasma volume and partially defended extracellular volume. Acute restriction to 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 ad lib. caused proportional losses of solids and fluids with the predominant fluid loss being extracellular. Acute restriction to no water caused cellular dehydration plus a loss of extracellular fluids including plasma. Comparison of acute and NSS mice at identical levels of restriction showed the NSS groups to be preacclimated toward further water restriction. Discussion centers on the comparison of acclimated and nonacclimated animals, mechanism of PV defense, and the general process of acclimation.
对适应慢性缺水的野生家鼠测量了总体水（TBW）、细胞外液量（ECV）和血浆量（PV），并与急性缺水小鼠的相同测量值进行比较。慢性缺水小鼠分为稳态（SS），即完全适应，和非稳态（NSS），即过渡状态。依次施加缺水状态——自由饮水的1/2、1/4和1/8，然后完全禁水。稳态小鼠在每个限制水平下都损失了固体和细胞内液，但维持了血浆量并部分维持了细胞外液量。急性限制到自由饮水的1/2、1/4和1/8导致固体和液体成比例损失，主要的液体损失是细胞外液。急性限制到完全禁水导致细胞脱水以及包括血浆在内的细胞外液损失。在相同限制水平下对急性缺水小鼠和非稳态小鼠进行比较，结果显示非稳态组对进一步的缺水有预适应。讨论集中在适应和未适应动物的比较、血浆量维持机制以及适应的一般过程。
