Responses of six-month-olds to the distress of their peers.

Observations of 12 pairs of 6-month-old infants interacting in a laboratory playroom in the presence of both mothers indicated that the estimated frequency, duration, and temporal distribution of one infant's distressed vocalizations were statistically independent of those of the peer. The absence of toys in the environment was a reliable predictor of the extent of an infant's distress, whereas the peer's estimated frequency and duration of distress and the infant's own gender and locomotor status were not. Infants watched their distressed peers during a majority of distress episodes and occasionally directed other behaviors to them but only rarely became distressed themselves. However, there were some indications in the pattern of distress in the trial when toys were absent that suggest one infant's distress had cumulative effects on the peer. Such cumulative effects would seem to be tempered by environmental conditions and the reactions of caregivers.