Spence S H
J Appl Behav Anal. 1981 Summer;14(2):159-68. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1981.14-159.
Seventy convicted young male offenders were videotaped during a 5-min standardized interview with a previously unknown adult. In order to determine the social validity of the behavioral components of social interaction for this population, measures of 13 behaviors were obtained from the tapes. These measures were then correlated with ratings of friendliness, social anxiety, social skills performance, and employability made by four independent adult judges from the same tapes. It was found that measures of eye contact and verbal initiations were correlated significantly with all four criterion rating scales. The frequencies of smiling and speech dysfluencies were both significantly correlated with ratings of friendliness and employability. The amount spoken was found to be a significant predictor of social skills performance whereas the frequency of head movements influenced judgments of social anxiety. The latency of response was negatively correlated with social skills and employability ratings and the frequency of question-asking and interruptions correlated significantly with friendliness, social skills, and employability ratings. Finally, the levels of gestures, gross body movements, and attention feedback responses were not found to influence judgments on any of the criterion scales. The implications of the study for selection of targets for social skills training for adolescent male offenders are discussed.
七十名被定罪的年轻男性罪犯在与一名此前不认识的成年人进行的5分钟标准化访谈过程中被录像。为了确定该群体社交互动行为成分的社会效度，从录像带中获取了13种行为的测量数据。然后将这些测量数据与来自同一录像带的四名独立成年评判员对友善度、社交焦虑、社交技能表现和就业能力的评分进行关联。结果发现，眼神交流和言语发起的测量数据与所有四个标准评分量表均显著相关。微笑频率和言语不流畅程度均与友善度和就业能力评分显著相关。说话量被发现是社交技能表现的一个显著预测指标，而头部动作频率影响对社交焦虑的判断。反应潜伏期与社交技能和就业能力评分呈负相关，提问和打断频率与友善度、社交技能和就业能力评分显著相关。最后，未发现手势、身体大幅度动作和注意力反馈反应水平对任何标准量表的判断有影响。讨论了该研究对为青少年男性罪犯选择社交技能训练目标的意义。
