Rutter M, Cox A, Egert S, Holbrook D, Everitt B
Br J Psychiatry. 1981 Jun;138:456-65. doi: 10.1192/bjp.138.6.456.
The development and definition of four contrasting interview styles is described. The four styles were designed using different permutations of techniques which, on the basis of an earlier naturalistic study, appeared to be most effective in eliciting either factual information or feelings. A 'sounding board' style utilized a minimal activity approach; an 'active psychotherapy' style actively sought to explore feelings and to bring out emotional links and meanings; a 'structured' style adopted an active cross-questioning approach, and a 'systematic exploratory' style aimed to combine a high use of both fact-oriented and feeling-oriented techniques. Quantitative measures based on video-tape and audio-tape analysis showed that two experienced interviewers could be trained to adopt these four very different styles and yet remain feeling and appearing natural. An experimental design to compare the four styles is described.
本文描述了四种截然不同的访谈风格的发展与定义。这四种风格是通过不同的技术组合设计而成的，基于早期的自然主义研究，这些技术在引出事实性信息或情感方面似乎最为有效。“共鸣板”风格采用最少的活动方式；“积极心理治疗”风格积极探索情感，揭示情感联系和意义；“结构化”风格采用积极的交叉提问方式；“系统探索”风格旨在高度结合使用以事实为导向和以情感为导向的技术。基于录像带和录音带分析的定量测量表明，两位经验丰富的访谈者可以接受培训采用这四种截然不同的风格，同时保持自然的感觉和表现。本文还描述了比较这四种风格的实验设计。
