Griffith P L, Robinson J H, Panagos J M
J Speech Hear Disord. 1981 Nov;46(4):388-97. doi: 10.1044/jshd.4604.388.
Three groups of subjects differing in age, language experience, and familiarity with American Sign Language were compared on three tasks regarding the perception of iconicity in signs from American Sign Language. Subjects were asked to guess the meaning of signs, to rate signs for iconicity, and to state connections between signs and their meaning in English. Results showed that hearing college students, deaf adults, and hearing first-grade children perform similarly on tasks regarding iconicity. Results suggest a psycholinguistic definition of iconicity based on association values, rather than physical resemblances between signs and real-world referents.
对年龄、语言经验以及对美国手语的熟悉程度不同的三组受试者，就美国手语中手势的象似性认知的三项任务进行了比较。要求受试者猜测手势的含义、对手势的象似性进行评分，并说出英语中手势与其含义之间的联系。结果表明，听力正常的大学生、成年聋人和一年级听力正常儿童在象似性任务上表现相似。结果表明，象似性的心理语言学定义基于联想值，而非手势与现实世界所指之间的物理相似性。
