Charney D S, Nelson J C, Quinlan D M
Am J Psychiatry. 1981 Dec;138(12):1601-4. doi: 10.1176/ajp.138.12.1601.
The authors examined the relationship of personality traits and personality disorder to depressive subtype, descriptive characteristics, and outcome in 160 depressed inpatients. Personality disorder was significantly more common in unipolar nonmelancholic depressed patients (61%) than in unipolar melancholic (14%) or bipolar depressed patients (23%). Personality disorder did not affect symptom manifestation but was related to earlier onset of depressive illness and worse outcome within the unipolar nonmelancholic group. Obsessive traits were most common in the unipolar melancholic patients, while histrionic, hostile, and borderline traits predominated in the nonmelancholic patients. The authors discuss the usefulness of a multiaxial diagnostic system and the importance of separating trait and disorder in personality assessment.
作者研究了160名住院抑郁症患者的人格特质和人格障碍与抑郁亚型、描述性特征及预后之间的关系。人格障碍在单相非抑郁性抑郁症患者（61%）中比在单相抑郁性（14%）或双相抑郁症患者（23%）中更为常见。人格障碍并不影响症状表现，但与单相非抑郁性组内抑郁症发病较早及预后较差有关。强迫特质在单相抑郁性患者中最为常见，而表演型、敌对型和边缘型特质在非抑郁性患者中占主导。作者讨论了多轴诊断系统的实用性以及在人格评估中区分特质和障碍的重要性。
