Kappos A D, Rodarte J R, Lai-Fook S J
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1981 Sep;51(3):621-9. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.51.3.621.
Total pulmonary resistance (Rt) and reactance (Xt) from 1 to 30 Hz were determined by time series analysis in open-chest vagotomized dogs. Rt and Xt were partitioned by retrograde catheter into central airway resistance (Rc) and reactance (Xc) and peripheral resistance (Rp) and reactance (Xp). Rt, Rc, or Rp did not change with transpulmonary pressure (Pst) from 5 to 15 cmH2O, although Rc tended to decrease and Rp to increase. Vagal stimulation (Vs) and intravenous histamine (H) increased all resistances (R) at all lung volumes (V) and produced an inverse relationship between R and V. The increases in Rt produced by H and Vs were not significantly different at any volume, but H predominantly increased Rp and Vs predominantly increased Rc. In the control (vagotomized) dogs at Pst of 5 cmH2O, Rp/Rt was 0.41 +/- 0.03 (SE). Rp/Rt was significantly increased by H but not by Vs. Control Rt decreased slightly from 5 to 10 Hz and increased from 15 to 30 Hz. The increase of Rt at higher frequencies caused by the frequency dependence of Rc was not changed by H but was augmented by Vs. The slope of Xt and Xc vs. frequency was increased by Vs but not by H. The frequency dependence of Rt and Xt above 10 Hz appears to be caused by inertial losses proximal to the 2-mm airways. Thus central and peripheral bronchoconstriction caused by Vs and H, respectively, could be differentiated by increased frequency dependence of Rt and Xt above 15 Hz.
通过时间序列分析，在开胸迷走神经切断的犬中测定了1至30Hz的总肺阻力（Rt）和电抗（Xt）。通过逆行导管将Rt和Xt分为中央气道阻力（Rc）和电抗（Xc）以及外周阻力（Rp）和电抗（Xp）。当跨肺压（Pst）从5cmH2O增加到15cmH2O时，Rt、Rc或Rp没有变化，尽管Rc有下降趋势，Rp有上升趋势。迷走神经刺激（Vs）和静脉注射组胺（H）在所有肺容积（V）时均增加了所有阻力（R），并使R与V呈反比关系。H和Vs引起的Rt增加在任何容积下均无显著差异，但H主要增加Rp，Vs主要增加Rc。在Pst为5cmH2O的对照（迷走神经切断）犬中，Rp/Rt为0.41±0.03（标准误）。H可使Rp/Rt显著增加，而Vs则不能。对照Rt在5至10Hz时略有下降，在15至30Hz时上升。由Rc的频率依赖性引起的较高频率下Rt的增加不受H影响，但可被Vs增强。Vs可增加Xt和Xc与频率的斜率，而H则不能。10Hz以上Rt和Xt的频率依赖性似乎是由2mm气道近端的惯性损失引起的。因此，分别由Vs和H引起的中央和外周支气管收缩可通过15Hz以上Rt和Xt频率依赖性的增加来区分。
