Wollmann R L, Szuchet S, Barlow J, Jerkovic M
J Neurosci Res. 1981;6(6):757-69. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490060610.
The changes in the ultrastructure of oligodendrocytes with time in culture were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Oligodendrocytes were isolated from ovine white matter and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 20% horse serum. One day after being placed in plastic culture dishes, most cells aggregate into clusters that do not attach to the surface for several days. Cells within these clusters form junctional complexes resembling gap junctions, their nuclear chromatin becomes uniformly dispersed, they are rich in polyribosomes, and their cytoplasm is less osmiophilic than oligodendrocytes in ovine white matter or cells fixed immediately after isolation. After several days in culture, the cells become attached to the plastic surface, chromatin once again becomes clumped beneath the nuclear membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum accumulates within the cytoplasm and the cells extend long processes containing cytoplasmic organelles. From these observations, it appears that oligodendrocytes undergo a transient dedifferentiation during their recovery from the trauma of isolation, not unlike the central chromatolysis seen in neurons following axonal injury. After acclimatization to tissue culture conditions, isolated oligodendrocytes show many of the morphologic features seen in vivo and therefore offer a good model to study myelination.
通过透射电子显微镜检查培养过程中少突胶质细胞超微结构随时间的变化。从绵羊白质中分离出少突胶质细胞，并在补充有20%马血清的杜尔贝科改良伊格尔培养基中培养。置于塑料培养皿一天后，大多数细胞聚集成团，数天内不附着于表面。这些团簇中的细胞形成类似缝隙连接的连接复合体，其核染色质均匀分散，富含多聚核糖体，并且其细胞质的嗜锇性低于绵羊白质中的少突胶质细胞或分离后立即固定的细胞。培养几天后，细胞附着于塑料表面，染色质再次在核膜下聚集，粗糙内质网在细胞质中积累，细胞伸出含有细胞质细胞器的长突起。从这些观察结果来看，少突胶质细胞在从分离创伤中恢复的过程中经历了短暂的去分化，这与轴突损伤后神经元中出现的中央性染色质溶解并无不同。适应组织培养条件后，分离的少突胶质细胞表现出许多在体内观察到的形态学特征，因此为研究髓鞘形成提供了一个良好的模型。
