Slifer B E
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1978 Nov;9(5):609-14. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(78)90211-3.
Pigeons were trained to respond on a fixed-ratio schedule during which 90 responses produced 3 sec of grain reinforcement (FR 90). Concurrently, a separate key was available on which a response initiated a time-out from the FR schedule and turned off the discriminative stimuli associated with the FR. A second response on the same key terminated the time-out and reinstated the fixed ratio. The pigeons demonstrated a pattern of escape responding immediately following the grain reinforcement. d-Amphetamine (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) was administered 30 min before a probe session. During the probe sessions grain presentation was decreased to 2 sec to generate maximum escape responding. The FR response rate showed a dose related increase with doses of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg, while the same doses produced a dose related decrease in the rate of schedule-induced escape. The highest dose of 3.0 mg/kg of d-amphetamine eliminated FR and schedule-induced escape responding in all but one animal. The drug effects on a topographically similar response from the same animal during the same session suggests differential effects on schedule-controlled and schedule-induced behavior.
鸽子接受训练，按固定比率程序做出反应，在此期间，90次反应会产生3秒的谷物强化（固定比率90）。同时，有一个单独的按键，按下该按键会启动固定比率程序的暂停，并关闭与固定比率相关的辨别性刺激。在同一按键上的第二次反应会终止暂停并恢复固定比率。鸽子在谷物强化后立即表现出逃避反应模式。在一次探测实验前30分钟给予d-苯丙胺（0.5、1.0、3.0毫克/千克）。在探测实验期间，谷物呈现时间减少到2秒，以产生最大的逃避反应。固定比率反应率在0.5 - 1.0毫克/千克剂量时呈剂量相关增加，而相同剂量会使程序诱导的逃避反应率呈剂量相关下降。3.0毫克/千克的最高剂量d-苯丙胺除一只动物外，消除了所有动物的固定比率和程序诱导的逃避反应。药物在同一次实验中对同一动物地形相似反应的影响表明对程序控制行为和程序诱导行为有不同影响。
