Ward S D, Melin J R, Lloyd F P, Norton J A, Christian J C
Am J Clin Nutr. 1980 Jan;33(1):63-70. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/33.1.63.
Twin and family studies have revealed genetic and maternal influences on plasma cholesterol. This study was designed to identify familial and environmental variables related to cholesterol levels in children. Volunteer families (n = 74) were obtained from a previous study of cord blood cholesterol. When the children were 2.5 years old, blood samples, dietary histories, heights, weights, and skinfold thicknesses were obtained. Dietary variables were significantly correlated with plasma cholesterol levels in children but not in their parents. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify sets of variables predictive of plasma cholesterol fractions of these children. For plasma total cholesterol, the set included previous history of breast feeding (versus formula), child's current dietary poly-unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio, maternal alcohol and fat consumption, paternal cholesteryl esters, and maternal hematocrit (r = 0.53). Free cholesterol had a similar predictive variable set (r = 0.52). More variation in esterified cholesterol of children was predicted (r = 0.69) by history of breast feeding, child's current protein and caloric intake, maternal total and esterified cholesterol, and proteinuria during pregnancy. Cord blood cholesterol was not predictive of any later cholesterol measurement. These correlations of children's plasma cholesterol with multiple factors emphasize the importance of focusing on very early childhood for study of both the normal developmental pattern of human cholesterol and intervention to prevent adult hypercholesterolemia.
双胞胎及家族研究揭示了基因和母体因素对血浆胆固醇的影响。本研究旨在确定与儿童胆固醇水平相关的家族和环境变量。志愿家庭（n = 74）来自先前一项关于脐带血胆固醇的研究。当孩子2.5岁时，采集血样、饮食史、身高、体重和皮褶厚度。饮食变量与儿童血浆胆固醇水平显著相关，但与他们父母的血浆胆固醇水平无关。采用逐步多元回归来确定预测这些儿童血浆胆固醇组分的变量集。对于血浆总胆固醇，该变量集包括母乳喂养史（与配方奶喂养相比）、儿童当前饮食中多不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比例、母体酒精和脂肪摄入量、父体胆固醇酯以及母体血细胞比容（r = 0.53）。游离胆固醇有类似的预测变量集（r = 0.52）。母乳喂养史、儿童当前蛋白质和热量摄入量、母体总胆固醇和胆固醇酯以及孕期蛋白尿对儿童酯化胆固醇的预测作用更强（r = 0.69）。脐带血胆固醇不能预测后期的任何胆固醇测量值。儿童血浆胆固醇与多种因素的这些相关性强调了在儿童早期研究人类胆固醇正常发育模式以及预防成人高胆固醇血症干预措施的重要性。
