Zurek P M
J Acoust Soc Am. 1980 Mar;67(3):953-64. doi: 10.1121/1.383974.
The precedence effect, the observation that sound-source localization is determined largely by the interaural cues associated with the earlier-arriving direct sound to the neglect of later-arriving reflections, was investigated in several psychophysical experiments. The first experiment employed a stimulus composed of a continuous noise and its delayed repetition to simulate a direct sound and a single reflection. Comparison of the interaural amplitude and phase differences in this stimulus with its judged lateral position showed that the interaural amplitude and phase differences in this stimulus with its judged lateral position showed that the interaural differences do not predict lateralization judgments as simply as does a knowledge of the temporal pattern of stimulation, given the precedence effect. Most of the experiments were attempts to outline the time course of the precedence effect by measuring just-noticeable differences in interaural time and intensity of brief (less than 5 ms) wide-band noise bursts. The principal finding of these experiments was that interaural sensitivity to changes in both time and intensity follows a nonmonotonic course after the abrupt onset of as ound. Sensitivity is degraded for a period from approximately 0.5 to 10 ms after onset, with the largest jnd's at delays of 2-3 ms. The precedence effect can be understood as resulting from this temporary lapse of interaural sensitivity. It was speculated that this temporal variation in interaural acuity serves to inhibit: (1) the representation of multiple and ambiguous interaural time delays between corresponding points on the waves of periodic stimuli; and (2) the extraction of interaural phase at frequencies greater than approximately 1400 Hz.
优先效应，即声源定位很大程度上由与较早到达的直达声相关的双耳线索决定，而忽略较晚到达的反射声这一现象，在多项心理物理学实验中得到了研究。第一个实验采用了由连续噪声及其延迟重复组成的刺激来模拟直达声和单次反射。将该刺激中的双耳幅度和相位差与其判断的侧向位置进行比较，结果表明，鉴于优先效应，该刺激中的双耳幅度和相位差与其判断的侧向位置相比，双耳差异不像对刺激时间模式的了解那样能简单地预测侧向化判断。大多数实验试图通过测量短暂（小于5毫秒）宽带噪声脉冲的双耳时间和强度的刚可察觉差异来勾勒优先效应的时间进程。这些实验的主要发现是，在声音突然开始后，双耳对时间和强度变化的敏感度遵循非单调过程。在开始后的大约0.5到10毫秒内，敏感度会下降，在延迟2 - 3毫秒时刚可察觉差异最大。优先效应可以理解为由双耳敏感度的这种暂时下降导致。据推测，双耳敏锐度的这种时间变化有助于抑制：（1）周期性刺激波上对应点之间多个和模糊的双耳时间延迟的表征；以及（2）在频率大于约1400赫兹时双耳相位的提取。
