Kentsmith D K
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1980 Apr;51(4):409-13.
In this paper, the psychological reactions of individuals and groups to a wartime disaster, such as nuclear explosion, are presented. The psychological literature on disasters is discussed. The presentation attempts to emphasize viewing the victims of a disaster as individuals responding in a normal way to an overwhelming experience, rather than labeling them as psychiatric patients. The various phases of a disaster are discussed with particular emphases on the preventive measures and leadership roles which may be taken by the physician. The development and treatment of situational psychoses, as well as neurotic reactions, are examined and the dynamics especially of long-lasting neurotic problems explored. The paper concludes by making specific recommendations regarding the establishment of disaster plans and training programs at each military facility. It is suggested that the use of such plans may help minimize the psychological effects of a wartime disaster on the individual.
本文介绍了个人和群体对核爆炸等战时灾难的心理反应。讨论了关于灾难的心理学文献。该报告试图强调将灾难受害者视为对压倒性经历做出正常反应的个体，而非将他们归类为精神病人。文中讨论了灾难的各个阶段，特别强调了医生可采取的预防措施和领导作用。研究了情境性精神病以及神经症反应的发展和治疗，并探讨了尤其是长期神经症问题的动态变化。本文最后就各军事设施制定灾难计划和培训项目提出了具体建议。建议使用此类计划可能有助于将战时灾难对个人的心理影响降至最低。
