Lloyd C
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1980 May;37(5):541-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780180055005.
I reviewed studies examining the hypothesis that life events may precipitate a depressive disorder. Although some contradictory results exist, the majority of studies demonstrate that depressed patients experience more stressful events in the months that precede the onset of their disorder than do normal controls or schizophrenics. In calculating relative risk figures, it seems that depressive risk is increased by a factor of about 5 or 6 for the six months after an event. Certain events, such as undesirable, loss, or severely threatening events, are particularly likely to precede a depression. These results suggest that stressful events can bring about depressive episodes, but most of the evidence that supports this conclusion emanates from retrospective studies, and corroborating prospective studies are definitely needed. Furthermore, not all depressives report precipitating events, so other causal factors are also operative.
我回顾了一些研究，这些研究检验了生活事件可能引发抑郁症这一假说。尽管存在一些相互矛盾的结果，但大多数研究表明，与正常对照组或精神分裂症患者相比，抑郁症患者在其疾病发作前的几个月里经历了更多的应激事件。在计算相对风险数据时，似乎在一个事件发生后的六个月里，抑郁风险会增加约5至6倍。某些事件，如不良事件、丧失或严重威胁性事件，特别有可能在抑郁症发作之前出现。这些结果表明，应激事件可导致抑郁发作，但支持这一结论的大多数证据来自回顾性研究，因此确实需要有确证性的前瞻性研究。此外，并非所有抑郁症患者都报告有引发事件，所以其他因果因素也在起作用。
