Wahler R G
J Appl Behav Anal. 1980 Summer;13(2):207-19. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-207.
Eighteen mother-child dyads were referred for psychological help because of the children's oppositional behaviors and the mothers' aversive reactions to the children. All dyads were from low income families in which the mothers reported themselves to be relatively isolated from social contact in their communities. Following a baseline phase, the mothers were trained to modify their children's oppositional behaviors through time out and a point system. Fourteen of the dyads were observed in three phases of the study: baseline, parent training or treatment, and a 1-year follow-up period. In Phases one and two, child opposition and mother aversive reactions to the children were measured twice weekly by professional observers in the home settings. During Phase three (follow-up), these observations occurred twice per month. In addition, the mothers' self-reported contacts with people in their communities were obtained immediately after each observation. Results showed significant improvement in the mother-child problems during the parent training or treatment phase. However, the problems returned to baseline levels of occurrence during the follow-up phase. The self-report findings indicated that number of mother contacts with friends was an inverse predictor of these problems. On days marked by high proportions of friend contacts, mother-child problems were lower in frequency than on days marked by low proportions of friend contacts. These correlational findings were taken to suggest that a mother's extra-family social contacts may influence her child interaction patterns at home. This possibility was discussed as a factor in the long-term success of parent training as a treatment strategy.
由于孩子的对立行为以及母亲对孩子的厌恶反应，18对母婴被转介寻求心理帮助。所有这些母婴均来自低收入家庭，母亲们表示自己在社区中相对与社会接触隔绝。在基线期之后，母亲们接受培训，通过暂停活动和积分系统来改变孩子的对立行为。在研究的三个阶段对其中14对母婴进行了观察：基线期、家长培训或治疗期以及1年的随访期。在第一阶段和第二阶段，专业观察员每周两次在家庭环境中测量孩子的对立行为以及母亲对孩子的厌恶反应。在第三阶段（随访），这些观察每月进行两次。此外，每次观察后立即获取母亲自我报告的与社区中其他人的接触情况。结果显示，在家长培训或治疗阶段，母婴问题有显著改善。然而，在随访阶段，这些问题又回到了基线发生水平。自我报告结果表明，母亲与朋友接触的次数是这些问题的反向预测指标。在与朋友接触比例高的日子里，母婴问题的频率低于与朋友接触比例低的日子。这些相关性研究结果表明，母亲的家庭外社交接触可能会影响她在家中与孩子的互动模式。作为治疗策略，这种可能性被作为家长培训长期成功的一个因素进行了讨论。
