Penner G E
Ann Emerg Med. 1980 Jul;9(7):374-9. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(80)80116-8.
The effects of strong acid ingestion are distinctly different from those of alkali. Strong acids produce superficial injuries to the esophagus and deep injuries to various portions of the stomach. Prevailing early treatment recommendations of simple dilution or weak-base neutralization are inappropriate because of their extraordinary thermal results. Dilution of concentrated sulfuric acid with an equivalent volume of water results in a temperature elevation of approximately 80 C. Neutralization results in even greater heat production. Vigorous gastric aspiration prior to cold fluid lavage is the management of choice in cases treated immediately following acid ingestion.
摄入强酸的影响与摄入强碱明显不同。强酸会对食管造成浅表损伤，对胃的不同部位造成深度损伤。由于其特殊的热效应，目前简单稀释或用弱碱中和的早期治疗建议并不合适。用等量的水稀释浓硫酸会使温度升高约80摄氏度。中和会产生更大的热量。在摄入酸后立即接受治疗的病例中，在冷液体灌洗之前进行有力的胃抽吸是首选的处理方法。
