Zaworka W, Hand I
Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr (1970). 1980;228(3):257-73. doi: 10.1007/BF00342351.
Obsessive-compulsive phenomena occur in 'normal,' neurotic and psychotic individuals. Operational definition, quantitative assessment, and diagnostic evaluation are still unsatisfactory, particularly with regard to differentiation of obsessive-compulsive phenomena (phenomenology), differentiation of trait and symptom factors, and evaluation of different obsessive-compulsive factors in the various kinds of neuroses. Our investigation of phenomenology differs from previous similar ones in basically two aspects: The newly developed obsessive-compulsive checklist covers the whole range of obsessions and compulsions, and questionnaire items of the checklist are operationally difined without reference to constructs from theories of personality or from psychopathology. Results include: Two-thirds of all patients suffer from combined obsessions and compulsions; factorial analysis reveals five symptom factors which are quite different from factor analytic results of previous studies; depression and phobias constitute a factor by themselves; checklist ratings and factor analytic results show the necessity for and basis of a new self-rating questionnaire to substitute for those currently in use. Implications of these results for future research in psychopathology as well as treatment evaluation are discussed.
强迫现象出现在“正常”个体、神经症患者和精神病患者中。操作定义、定量评估和诊断评价仍不尽人意，尤其是在强迫现象的区分（现象学）、特质因素与症状因素的区分以及各类神经症中不同强迫因素的评估方面。我们对现象学的研究与以往类似研究在两个基本方面存在差异：新开发的强迫检查表涵盖了强迫观念和强迫行为的全部范围，且检查表的问卷项目在操作上进行了定义，未参考人格理论或精神病理学理论中的概念。结果包括：所有患者中有三分之二同时患有强迫观念和强迫行为；因子分析揭示了五个症状因素，这与以往研究的因子分析结果有很大不同；抑郁和恐惧症各自构成一个因素；检查表评分和因子分析结果表明有必要并具备了一种新的自评问卷以替代目前正在使用的问卷。本文讨论了这些结果对未来精神病理学研究以及治疗评估的意义。
