Tock E P, Shanmugaratnam K
Ann Acad Med Singap. 1980 Apr;9(2):193-5.
Primary Liver Cancer occurs with high frequency in most parts of the East and South East Asia. The age standarised rates for most Western countries are below 2 per 100,000 per year for males and below 1 for females. In Singapore, the rate is 29.1 for males and 7.7 for females. There is a male preponderance in Singapore by a ratio of male to female of 3.8 in age standardised incidence rates. The peak incidence is the 6th decade (30.1% of cases) and in the 7th decade (31.7% of cases). The Chinese have the highest incidence amongst the different ethnic races. Epidemiological studies done on migrant population strongly suggest that environmental factors are more important than genetic factors in the aetiology of liver cancer.
原发性肝癌在东亚和东南亚大部分地区高发。大多数西方国家的年龄标准化发病率为男性每年低于十万分之二，女性低于十万分之一。在新加坡，男性发病率为29.1，女性为7.7。新加坡年龄标准化发病率的男女比例为3.8，男性占优势。发病高峰在第六个十年（占病例的30.1%）和第七个十年（占病例的31.7%）。在不同种族中，华人的发病率最高。对移民人口进行的流行病学研究有力地表明，在肝癌病因中环境因素比遗传因素更重要。
