Lewis O J
J Anat. 1980 Jun;130(Pt 4):833-57.
A description is given of the functional morphology of the intrinsic joints of the foot, with particular reference to the primates, and an attempt is made to define the key human derived features. In the human subtalar joint the compromise axis has become reoriented into a very elevated position and more nearly in line with the functional foot axis than it is in subhuman primates. This provides for torque of the talus, and so the supported body weight, about the axis, during the stance phase of gait. In the subhuman primates the very oblique subtalar axis is important in inverting the foot into a grasping attitude. In subhuman primates the transverse tarsal joint complex plays an important role in supination of the forefoot, which complements inversion at the subtalar joint complex in achieving the ideal grasping position. This movement is only rendered possible by a helical action at the subtalar joint complex. In man the calcaneocuboid joint has been remodelled so as to bring the lamina pedis into a close-packed position during the latter part of the stance phase of gait. The joints between the cuneiforms and the cuboids, and the associated tarsometatarsal joints show significant modifications in man.
本文描述了足部内在关节的功能形态，尤其以灵长类动物为参考，并尝试定义人类特有的关键特征。在人类距下关节中，折衷轴已重新定向到一个非常高的位置，并且比非人类灵长类动物更接近功能足轴。这使得距骨在步态支撑期围绕该轴产生扭矩，从而支撑体重。在非人类灵长类动物中，非常倾斜的距下轴对于将足部内翻成抓握姿势很重要。在非人类灵长类动物中，跗横关节复合体在前足旋后中起重要作用，它在距下关节复合体处的内翻配合下实现理想的抓握位置。这种运动仅通过距下关节复合体的螺旋作用才得以实现。在人类中，跟骰关节已被重塑，以便在步态支撑期的后期使足板进入紧密堆积位置。楔骨与骰骨之间的关节以及相关的跗跖关节在人类中显示出显著变化。
