Suttie J W
J Anim Sci. 1980 Sep;51(3):759-66. doi: 10.2527/jas1980.513759x.
Animals normally ingest small amounts of fluoride in their diets with no harmful effects. Excessive fluoride ingestion can cause dental and skeletal lesions and, in severe cases, adversely influence the productive performance of domestic animals. Tolerances for various species of animals have been set, and these are influenced by a number of factors. The chemical form of fluoride in the diet has a large influence on toxicity, and alternating periods of high and low exposure to fluoride appear to be more damaging to animals than the continuous intake of the same total amount. General undernutrition also enhances the toxic effects of fluoride. Regulatory agencies are faced with the difficult task of establishing standards which protect livestock producers but which are not so restrictive as to unnecessarily increase the cost of the feedstuffs the producers must purchase.
动物通常在饮食中摄入少量氟化物，不会产生有害影响。过量摄入氟化物会导致牙齿和骨骼病变，严重时还会对家畜的生产性能产生不利影响。已经设定了各种动物的耐受量，这些耐受量受多种因素影响。饮食中氟化物的化学形态对毒性有很大影响，与持续摄入相同总量的氟化物相比，氟化物暴露的高低交替期对动物的危害似乎更大。一般营养不良也会增强氟化物的毒性作用。监管机构面临着一项艰巨的任务，即制定既能保护牲畜生产者，又不会过于严格而不必要地增加生产者必须购买的饲料成本的标准。
