Association of breastfeeding duration, birth weight, and current weight status with the risk of elevated blood pressure in preschoolers.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Few studies have examined the effects of the weight status at birth and preschool age on the risk of elevated blood pressure (EBP) in early childhood, and whether the effects can be modified by breastfeeding duration remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of high birth weight (HBW) with overweight/obese or abdominal obesity on the risk of EBP in preschoolers, and further evaluate the effects classified by breastfeeding duration (<6 and ≥6 months).

SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in Zhuhai, China. Out of 2390 3-4-year-old preschoolers originally recruited, a total of 1899 were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of the weight status at the two age points and breastfeeding duration on the risk of EBP.

RESULTS

Preschoolers with current overweight/obese had a 1.13-fold increased risk of EBP than those with persistent normal weight, irrespective of their birth weight. However, the preschoolers with HBW had no increased risk of EBP, when they became normal weight (OR 1.70, 0.78-3.72). Similar results were found for the current abdominal obesity and the risk of EBP. In addition, the EBP risk of obese status was minimized if preschoolers were breastfed for ≥6 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity status at preschool age can increase the risk of EBP, irrespective of birth weight. However, this EBP risk can be mitigated if HBW changes to current normal weight. Longer breastfeeding duration can partially offset the risk of EBP in preschoolers with obesity status.